Corpus evidence — top 10 passages

Most-relevant passages from the entire indexed corpus (67,286 paragraph chunks across YouTube transcripts, PubMed, arXiv, archive.org, Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, OpenAlex, and more) ranked by semantic similarity (bge-small-en-v1.5).

1. 01 · yt0.838

   Maxwell says there is something called the speed of light. It is the speed at which waves in the electromagnetic fields move. And naively, you look at the equations and everyone measures the same value for the speed of light. It's a constant of nature. How can it possibly be the case that everyone measures the same speed for light even if they're moving with respect to each other? So for a long time, for decades, people, physicists, bashed their heads against this problem. They came with very elaborate schemes to get rid of it. And it was Einstein, Albert Einstein, in his great paper in 1905, …

   yt/_TBNJyztai0-sean-carroll-explains-the-biggest-ideas-in-the-universe-full/transcript.txt

2. 02 · yt0.807

   I expect you to get a speed c/2. But you keep getting c. You go three fourths of the velocity of light; you still get the velocity of light. That is very contrary to what we believe. In fact, that's in violent opposition to this law here. If this V were not a bullet but a light beam, suppose for me traveling at a speed c and you're traveling to the right at speed u, you should get c - u. That's the inevitable consequence of Newtonian physics. And you don't get that. And that was a big problem. So, people tried to fix it up by doing different models of ether, none of which worked. And nobody kn…

   yt/pHfFSQ6pLGU-12-introduction-to-relativity/transcript.txt

3. 03 · _intake0.793

   > don't. That's why. Why is the speed of light the same for all observers in all inertial frames? because the trace of an end cycle is an end cycle when I take so it's always the same speed one state per

   _intake/claims-allbranch/curated-low/speed-of-light/003-don-t.md

4. 04 · yt0.787

   We expect the speed to be c - V because part of the speed is neutralized because you are going along with the waves. You'll see a slower velocity. So, Mr. Michelson and his assistant Morley--they did the experiment. And they got the answer equal to c. What does that mean? Student: The speed of light [inaudible] Professor Ramamurti Shankar: No, no, but you cannot jump to that right now. If you are following Newtonian physics, your expectation is, it should be c - V. Yes? Student: It means that there is no ether. Professor Ramamurti Shankar: Well, that's--not so fast, but it certainly means the …

   yt/pHfFSQ6pLGU-12-introduction-to-relativity/transcript.txt

5. 05 · yt0.783

   And so so this raises an important point about science and it's very elementary. Scientific theories start with assumptions. Like Einstein, the special theory of relativity, he started with the assumption that um the speed of light is the same in all inertial frames and that there is no special inertial frame. The laws of physics are the same in all inertial frames. And he said if you grant me those two assumptions then he could build actually um relativistic spacetime with all the the changing clocks and and meter stick lengths and the whole bit came from those assumptions and but he didn't d…

   yt/xaeafKPfs1M-the-greatest-discovery-about-reality-the-consciousness-behin/transcript.txt

6. 06 · yt0.779

   So Einstein comes along and says, "Well, okay, can I make a version of Newton's theory of gravity that is compatible with my new theory of special relativity?" And after trying, he said, "No, I can't." You have to do something much more dramatic. And what he realized is that gravity is a special force of nature. You know, Maxwell talks about electricity and magnetism. If I wanna know what the electric field is at one point in space, it's very easy to do. I put a positively charged particle, a negatively charged particle, they get pushed in opposite directions by the electric field. But Einstei…

   yt/_TBNJyztai0-sean-carroll-explains-the-biggest-ideas-in-the-universe-full/transcript.txt

7. 07 · yt0.778

   You're  saying it's just the wrong direction.  It's a wrong direction because it packages  together two things that are really ... Space   and time in our common experience don't seem  like the same kind of thing. You can go to a   lot of effort to make them seem like the same kind  of thing by telling various relativity stories and   so on. But the fact is our common experience  of space and time, they're somewhat different.   And in our models, the fact that T squared minus  x squared and know Lorentz transformations …

   yt/yAJTctpzp5w-can-space-and-time-emerge-from-simple-rules-stephen-wolfram-/transcript.txt

8. 08 · yt0.777

   Can anybody tell me? Yes? Student: It travels through the vacuum of space. Professor Ramamurti Shankar: Right. It travels in the vacuum of space. We can see the Sun; we can see the stars, so we know the medium is everywhere. Then, you can sort of ask, "How dense is the medium?" It turns out that the denser the medium, the more rapidly signals travel, in most of the things that we know. For example, when we look at waves in sound and when we look at sound waves in a solid, or in iron, you find in a very dense material, that the velocity is very high. S,o this medium, which is called "ether," wo…

   yt/pHfFSQ6pLGU-12-introduction-to-relativity/transcript.txt

9. 09 · yt0.777

   There's not even a preferred velocity to the universe. This was figured out by Galileo, and Newton kind of took it on board. If you started everything moving at one mile per hour to the left, the world will look exactly the same. There's no actual frame of rest that you can measure. But there is space and there is time, and everyone agrees on what those two things mean. When I say I am one mile away from a certain other point, everyone in the universe agrees you are one mile away. Yes, that is correct. When I snap my fingers and say, "At the moment I snap my fingers, a certain thing is happeni…

   yt/_TBNJyztai0-sean-carroll-explains-the-biggest-ideas-in-the-universe-full/transcript.txt

10. 10 · yt0.776

    But it is simply a fact that when you move one way or six months later in the opposite way, you get the same answer c. So, one possibility is, you don't want--Look, don't be ready to do revolutions, try to avoid it. So, one answer is, look at the speed of sound. You and I talked to each other then and we talked to each other six months from now; we get the same speed of sound. The speed of sound is published in textbooks, right? Seven hundred and something miles per hour. How come that doesn't change from day to day? Anybody here on this side can tell me why the speed of sound doesn't change f…

    yt/pHfFSQ6pLGU-12-introduction-to-relativity/transcript.txt