Corpus evidence — top 10 passages

Most-relevant passages from the entire indexed corpus (67,286 paragraph chunks across YouTube transcripts, PubMed, arXiv, archive.org, Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, OpenAlex, and more) ranked by semantic similarity (bge-small-en-v1.5).

1. 01 · blog0.763

   Now suppose that the regions A and B almost completely overlap, but neither is contained within the other (see Figure 5 (b)). Again, the corresponding events A and B will be correlated, and the earlier common cause may not screen them off. (Arntzenius (1999 [2010: section 2.4]) has an example that has essentially this structure.) It seems that this case, too, is one in which the events A and B are insufficiently distinct. But now it becomes difficult to formulate a notion of distinctness that is sufficiently general, without ruling out too much. To see the problem, imagine that instead of a li…

   blog/plato-stanford-edu/reichenbach-s-common-cause-principle.md

2. 02 · pubmed0.758

   Causal interactions within complex systems such as the brain can be analyzed at multiple spatiotemporal levels. It is widely assumed that the micro level is causally complete, thus excluding causation at the macro level. However, by measuring effective information-how much a system's mechanisms constrain its past and future states-we recently showed that causal power can be stronger at macro rather than micro levels. In this work, we go beyond effective information and consider additional requirements of a proper measure of causal power from the intrinsic perspective of a system: composition (…

   pubmed/PMID-30788150-can-the-macro-beat-the-micro-integrated-information-across-s/info.md

3. 03 · pubmed0.741

   This article presents an updated account of integrated information theory of consciousness (IIT) and some of its implications. IIT stems from thought experiments that lead to phenomenological axioms and ontological postulates. The information axiom asserts that every experience is one out of many, i.e. specific - it is what it is by differing in its particular way from a large repertoire of alternatives. The integration axiom asserts that each experience is one, i.e. unified - it cannot be reduced to independent components. The exclusion axiom asserts that every experience is definite - it is …

   pubmed/PMID-23165867-integrated-information-theory-of-consciousness-an-updated-ac/info.md

4. 04 · blog0.740

   Causal notions can, if at all, only be legitimately employed in contexts in which we can isolate a small set of factors of interest as those responsible for the occurrence of an event—the dominant cause or causes—by drawing a distinction between causes and background conditions. Yet such a distinction, it is argued, cannot be drawn in physics. Call this the dominant cause challenge. Causes necessitate their effects, but the fundamental laws of physics are non-deterministic. This is the determinism challenge. Causal relations are relations among spatio-temporally localized events, yet fundament…

   blog/plato-stanford-edu/causation-in-physics.md

5. 05 · blog0.737

   225-6) characterizes spatiotemporal non-separability as the violation of the following separability condition: Spatiotemporal separability . The contents of any two regions of space-time separated by a non-vanishing spatiotemporal interval constitute two separate physical systems. Each separated space-time region possesses its own, distinct state and the joint state of any two separated space-time regions is wholly determined by the separated states of these regions. A different notion of spatiotemporal non-separability, proposed by Healey (see the entry on holism and nonseparability in physic…

   blog/plato-stanford-edu/action-at-a-distance-in-quantum-mechanics.md

6. 06 · blog0.735

   The important difference between the two viewpoints—internal and external to the block—is that there is a discrepancy between the parts of the spacetime block that are epistemically accessible from each perspective. The spatiotemporally constrained perspective by which we are bound permits us only limited epistemic accessibility to other spatiotemporal regions. This is the perspective in which, according to causal perspectivalism, causal notions are perfectly serviceable. Once, on the other hand, we imagine ourselves to be omniscient beings that have epistemic access to the whole spatiotempora…

   blog/plato-stanford-edu/retrocausality-in-quantum-mechanics.md

7. 07 · blog0.735

   72); and by ‘the supervenience of a relational property on the non-relational properties of the relata,’ he means that ‘if two objects, 1 and 2, bear a relation R to each other, then, necessarily , if two further objects, 1′ and 2′ have the same non-relational properties, then 1′ and 2′ will also bear the same relation R to each other’ (1989, p. 213). Teller (1986b, pp. 425-7) believes that spatiotemporal relations between objects supervene upon the objects’ intrinsic physical properties. Thus, he does not include the spatiotemporal relations in the supervenience basis. This view is controvers…

   blog/plato-stanford-edu/action-at-a-distance-in-quantum-mechanics.md

8. 08 · blog0.733

   This line of work establishes that (some) global properties cannot be established observationally, and raises the question of whether there are alternative justifications. 2.3 Establishing FLRW Geometry? The case of global spacetime geometry is not a typical instance of underdetermination of theory by evidence, as discussed by philosophers, for two reasons (see Manchak 2009, Norton 2011, Butterfield 2014). First, this whole discussion assumes that classical GR holds; the question regards discriminating among models of a given theory, rather than a choice among competing theories. Second, these…

   blog/plato-stanford-edu/philosophy-of-cosmology.md

9. 09 · pubmed0.729

   Integrated information theory (IIT) aims to account for the quality and quantity of consciousness in physical terms. According to IIT, a substrate of consciousness must be a system of units (e.g. synapses, neurons, minicolumns, etc.) that is a maximum of intrinsic, specific, unitary cause-effect power, quantified by integrated information ([Formula: see text]). The grain of each unit must be the one-from micro (finer) to macro (coarser)-that maximizes the system's integrated information. Here we provide a framework for computing the integrated information of systems whose constituents include …

   pubmed/PMID-41993058-intrinsic-units-identifying-a-system-s-causal-grain/info.md

10. 10 · blog0.728

    First, he denies that determinables are in any sense shared by determinates: “the ground for grouping determinates under one and the same determinable is not any partial agreement between them” but rather “the special kind of difference” (1921: I, xi, 1) distinguishing opposing determinates. [ 3 ] As we’ll see, this is a choice point for contemporary accounts. Second, Johnson assumes that while limits in our perceptual or instrumental capabilities require that we characterize objects in determinable terms, it is nonetheless a universally adopted postulate that the characters of things which we…

    blog/plato-stanford-edu/determinables-and-determinates.md